Fiber-optic networks use optical cables, rather than copper wires, to transfer data from one point to another. The data is encoded into bursts of laser light, rapidly switched on and off, and the light travels along fine glass fibers that are encased inside sturdy protective casings.
Fiber-optic cables can carry enormous amounts of data, many hundreds of times more than DSL or cable. A single fiber-optic cable can carry thousands of simultaneous Internet connections, telephone conversations, and video feeds and television programs.
Fiber cables are typically strung from utility pole to utility pole the same way that telephone or cable lines are carried, although fiber lines can also be run underground, where necessary.
A special connection outside of each residence or business connects that location to the fiber cable on the pole. A box mounted outside or just inside the house or business acts as the connection between the fiber and the wiring inside the house for Internet, telephone, and television. The box contains a battery that will provide phone service for up to 8 hours in case of a power outage.
The fiber lines converge at a "headend" where the equipment that actually connects the fiber to the Internet, the telephone network, and the television receivers and satellite connections, is located.
Fiber optic technology is rapidly becoming the world-wide standard for the provision of broadband communications - other technologies (based on copper, coaxial cable, power lines, wireless transmission) cannot compete with the raw capacity that fiber optics provides.
Fiber Optics - An Introduction
Images (best for viewing online)
PDF format (best for printing)
